Which disorder is characterized by recurring mood episodes (manic, depressive, hypomanic)?

• A. Bipolar I Disorder: Diagnostic Features
• B. Bipolar II Disorder: Diagnostic Features
• C. Major Depressive Disorder
• D. Cyclothymic Disorder

Answer: (A)

Bipolar I Disorder is defined by at least one manic episode, which is a distinct period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood with increased energy and activity lasting at least one week (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary). Depressive episodes commonly occur, and hypomanic periods can also be present, but manic episodes are the hallmark that sets this diagnosis apart. This contrasts with Bipolar II, which involves hypomanic and major depressive episodes without a full manic episode; Major depressive disorder involves depressive episodes only; and cyclothymic disorder features chronic, milder fluctuations that do not meet full criteria for mania, hypomania, or major depression. Thus, the recurring mood episodes that include a manic phase point to Bipolar I Disorder.