Which pregnancy-associated effect is mentioned with possible cardiovascular defects and small left colon syndrome?

• A. Increased intraocular pressure
• B. No data
• C. Small left colon syndrome
• D. Possible cardiovascular defects in the first trimester

Answer: (C)

Maternal diabetes during pregnancy is a key factor that raises the risk for several neonatal issues, including heart defects and a bowel problem called small left colon syndrome. Small left colon syndrome is a functional narrowing of the left colon seen in newborns of diabetic mothers, leading to symptoms like abdominal distension and delayed passage of meconium. It’s linked to the same pregnancy context that can also involve cardiovascular defects in the infant, making it the pregnancy-associated effect that’s mentioned alongside these cardiac issues. The other options don’t reflect this linked pregnancy-related pattern.